Which of the following is explicitly stated as not authorized?

Warning shots are explicitly stated as not authorized within the context of the Standing Rules for the Use of Force (SRUF). This prohibition is based on several considerations, including the potential for unintended consequences and escalation of a situation. Warning shots can lead to misinterpretation by individuals in the vicinity, create panic, and may inadvertently cause injury or damage. Additionally, they do not effectively communicate an intention to use force in a controlled and measured manner, as required by SRUF guidelines.

In contrast, the use of lethal force may be authorized under specified circumstances, particularly when the threat to life is immediate and severe. Restraint techniques are also permissible when required to maintain control while minimizing harm, and non-lethal weapon usage is sanctioned as a means to de-escalate situations without resorting to lethal measures. These options align with the principles of proportionality and necessity in the application of force, emphasizing a focus on minimizing harm while maintaining safety and order.