Under which condition is the use of deadly force NOT authorized?

The use of deadly force is not authorized to disperse a crowd because it is generally considered disproportionate and unlawful in situations where less lethal means could achieve the desired outcome. The primary concern with using deadly force in crowd control is that it can escalate tensions, cause unnecessary harm to individuals, and violate principles of proportionality and necessity under the Standing Rules for the Use of Force.

In instances where a crowd presents a disturbance or poses a potential threat, law enforcement or military forces are trained to utilize de-escalation tactics and less lethal options to manage the situation effectively. The focus is on preserving life and maintaining public safety without resorting to deadly measures, which should only be employed in life-threatening circumstances.

Other scenarios, such as stopping looting or protecting designated property, may involve justifications where the use of deadly force could be authorized if there is an imminent threat to life or if a specific set of established criteria is met. Enforcing a curfew similarly could involve maintaining order; however, lethal force would still not be the first response.